Tuesday, February 18, 2014

Developing World Problems #1- Electricity

I was originally going to call this series “First World Problems,” mostly because my complaints are kind of stupid, not unexpected and easily solved.  Nonetheless, they are inconvenient and worth grumbling about.  However, I realized most of my issues are unique to impoverished countries, so I had to rename it.  I think it might help a person who had never been to Rwanda better understand how people live here.


So my first Developing World Problem is about the power.  Let me restate my disclaimer above that I’m being ridiculous.  Very few Rwandans homes have electricity, particularly in rural areas.  And I have power.  But the lights go out almost every night.  Perhaps it goes out during the day too and I don’t know because windows are the main source of lights (electricity is very expensive so it is not wasted on light during the day).  A few times I have seen a teacher using a projector that stops working and he has to improvise and plan for that in his lesson.
But honestly, the main reason this bothers me is because my flashlight absolutely sucks.  Look at this picture.  The left is my roommate’s mini flashlight and the right light is mine.  Can you even see that miniscule amount of light on the wall?  I think it needs new batteries.  But batteries are not available in Nyamata, I would have to go to Kigali, the capital and who knows how much they would be there.  I found a flashlight at market with rechargeable batteries (I believe that is the norm here) but I was too stubborn and frugal to buy it.

What makes my whining even more ridiculous is there is a generator for Maranyundo.  If it is after 6:30 pm they will turn on the generator after a few minutes of darkness and life will go back to normal.  So I am really saying that I have nothing to grumble about.


For most Rwandans this unreliability of electricity has a greater cost than that of a flashlight. Fuel for generators is expensive and much income is lost for businesses on that expense.  The example in this World Bank article is a barber who made $4.75/day and paid $3.17/day for fuel.    Similarly, restaurants lose money when food spoils without refrigeration. Health centers waste money on unreliable electricity and are unable to safely store vaccine and medicines, not to mentions the difficulties that would come with practicing medicine in the dark.  Schools are deterred from teaching computer classes in school when they do not know if the computers will be functioning at any given time and students are prevented from studying efficiently if there is minimal light during the evenings.  Perhaps most importantly, people do not want to invest in a country where electricity is unreliable.  

Does this sound hopeless and frustrating?  Actually, what is developing in Rwanda right now is really exciting!  Access to electricity is a key priority in Rwanda and from 2008-2012 it increased from 6% of the population to 16%.   Even the number of schools connected rose 70% from 2009-2012.   They aspire to connect 70% of homes by 2017!


How will they do this? Currently their main sources come from hydropower, methane gas and peat. Domestic and International efforts are working to achieve this goal through several different sources of electricity.  Based on the Rwandan government’s track record, I would say it is very likely they will achieve their goal!


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